Quick Take - Windows 7

In August 2010, I bought a Toshiba 18-inch laptop with backlit keyboard so that I can see what I'm typing even in a darkened room. So far, I love this computer because is lightning fast both when booting up and shutting down, to say nothing of day-to-day operations. Furthermore, the 18-inch screen is just gorgeous. Leaving it to return to my other 15-inch laptop is like going from a wide picture window to a tiny port hole.

Fortunately or unfortunately, depending on your point of view, the machine came with the 64-bit version of Microsoft's Windows 7 operating system. In the first few days and weeks of experimenting with the new O/S, I have been struck by three revelations.

The first issue has no operational effect whatsoever but is mildly amusing nevertheless. It involves some apparent internal classification inconsistencies within Microsoft.

By way of background, I have Norton/Symantec anti-virus and firewall products on all of my older computers. However, I have grown tired of Norton's constant barrage of pop-up windows asking me to approve or disapprove a multitude of transactions. Because the price is right—namely, free—I chose to try Microsoft Security Essentials on my new laptop instead of Norton/Symantec.

This is where the fun begins. It appears that the update tab of Microsoft Security Essentials is totally unreliable. It often says "Up to date" even when the Windows Update panel shows a still-pending definition update! Furthermore, Windows Update classifies modifications to Security Essentials merely as "Optional", not "Important" or even "Recommended." At least the Windows Update module shows the needed update even if it does make a mockery of Microsoft's own title Security Essentials.

To further confuse matters, when I look in the System Restore window immediately after updating Security Essentials, it shows a restore point created in association with a "critical update."

In the strange, bizarre world that is Microsoft, three different elements of Windows 7 (Security Essentials, Windows Update, and System Restore) all assign different categories of importance to the same update. It's almost as if the individual elements of Windows 7 were developed by programmers on different planets.

I have encountered similar disparities in the past with regard to Microsoft Office, where the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) modules in Access and Excel do not always recognize the same basic commands. These collective disparities create the indelible impression that Microsoft must be a stove-piped organization where different software development teams within the organization do not appear to communicate very well with each other.

The second issue is a minor irritant that makes crystal clear how little regard Microsoft holds for end users. Fifteen years have elapsed since the introduction of Windows 95 which first allowed users to select from among multiple cursor schemes and sound schemes and to even create their own such schemes. That is all well and good. During that time, Microsoft has "progressed" through Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows XP, Windows Vista, and now Windows 7. (I am a home user, so I will deliberately ignore the business-oriented Windows NT and Windows 2000.) However, in those fifteen years and five subsequent major software releases, Microsoft still has not implemented any provision for users to export those settings!

In Windows 7, there are 15 different cursors for users to select within a scheme; for sound schemes, there are 57 events for which to select sounds (30 in Windows, 11 in Windows Explorer, 6 in speech recognition, and 10 in Web Time). After all these years, users must still wrestle with drill-down menus to painstakingly hunt-and-peck for the desired cursor images and sound clips one by one. As an alternative, users may (and I did) scrounge through the registry and manually export relevant registry keys to create a .reg file which can then be executed on another machine. However, that process is just as agonizing as the manual entries.

It is past time for Microsoft to implement a convenient way for users to export these and other setting so that those settings can be easily transferred to and installed on new machines. It is sheer folly to have to re-invent the wheel every time users purchase a new computer.

The third issue is far more important operationally: that of backward compatibility. By that I mean trying to get all of my favorite 32-bit software packages to work in the new 64-bit environment. I have found at least four factors that influence how software will work.

1. Is the software written for 64-bit or 32-bit environment? And even when I can find a 64-bit version of my favorite software to replace my original 32-bit version, the 64-bit version still does not always work, possibly because of the next two issues:
   
2. Where is the best place to install software? By default, Windows 7 wants to install 64-bit programs in the folder "C:\Program Files" and 32-bit software in a separate "C:\Program Files (x86)" folder. Of course, all of my favorites were installed in yet another folder of my own designation so that I could more easily copy them to a new computer. Now I have to try each alternative with each program to determine the best location out of the three.
   
3. How best to launch a program? I have two file managers called 2xExplorer and FreeCommander which I refuse to abandon because they have two side-by-side panes that make file management, especially synchronization and backup, an absolute breeze. They are both 32-bit programs, and I am finding that opening a 64-bit program within a 32-bit file manager can sometimes produce quite different results than opening that same program using the 64-bit version of Windows Explorer. Similar problems arise with the converse: opening a 32-bit program in 64-bit Windows Explorer in lieu of my 32-bit file managers.
   
4. Are you running the program as administrator? Be aware that in Windows 7, even if you log on to an administrator account, you do not automatically inherit administrative privileges whenever you launch an executable! To insure that you are running a program as administrator, you might need to right-click on the executable file and select "Run as administrator" from the context menu. This applies not only to applications but also to system files like the command "cmd.exe" that launches the command console.
   
   As an example, I frequently use a marvelous utility by a programmer named Nir Sofer called Registry Scanner, or RegScanner for short. I especially like this program because it provides users the ability to search with a very powerful feature called regular expressions. RegScanner will list all the registry keys that match the search criteria. Users may then double-click on any of the elements displayed. At that time, in a normal 32-bit environment, the Windows registry editor will open for users to edit or even delete the selected registry key. In Windows 7, however, this last feature will work properly if and only if the user has launched RegScanner with the "Run as administrator" menu.
   

In short, experimenting with all of these different combinations and permutations for all of my favorite software is driving me nuts. I now have a greater appreciation for the reasons why businesses that are dependent on legacy software have been slow to abandon old reliable Windows XP. It is simply another manifestation of the old adage "If it ain't broke, don't fix it!"

Physician, Heal Thyself

Physicians just do not seem to get it: their business and administrative practices drive customers away more than their medical skills. A few examples from my own life:

• I left my former ENT specialist because his office began charging five dollars extra for paying via credit card.

• We left our former children's dentist because his office insisted on total payment up front and consistently overcharged us. That forced me into the unwanted role of bill collector, wrestling with the task of collecting our overpayment after each visit. That same office also had the audacity to charge a late fee one time despite the fact that their invoice was dated and mailed two weeks after the supposed payment due date!

• We left our original pediatricians because of their completely unworkable scheduling system. With most physicians, when you are told to come back in x number of weeks, you schedule the next appointment before you leave the office. Not so with those pediatricians. Their scheduling system looked ahead only one month, so if you had to return in six weeks, you had to wait until the following month to even attempt to schedule the appointment. And invariably when we called on the first day of the next month to schedule a visit, somehow the schedule was already full.

  In fairness, the scheduling system was inflicted on them by their affiliation with a particular hospital. (I won't mention the hospital's name, but its initials are Southside Regional Medical Center (SRMC) in Petersburg, Virginia; more on them in a moment.)
  

  A year or two after we left, we were amused to received an advertisement in the mail from those same pediatricians touting the fact that they were no longer associated with that hospital—as if to say, "It's safe to return now!"

That same hospital deserves special attention in this rogue's gallery of medical administrators:

• One morning in July of 1993, my wife was rushed by ambulance to Southside Regional Medical Center after suffering severe stomach pains and eventually collapsing unconscious at home. My saga began at 6:00 am when we first arrived at the hospital. I was not allowed to accompany my wife into the emergency room's treatment area; indeed, there was an armed guard at the door to block any and all visitors. Furthermore, the hospital's ER personnel declined to provide any information whatsoever regarding her status. Despite my repeated attempts to elicit any tidbit of information, it was not until 11:30 that I was allowed to see her and talk to a doctor about her condition. The hospital staff held me totally incommunicado from my own wife for five-and-a-half hours. Absolutely unconscionable!
• In July 2003, my wife had x-rays taken at SRMC to diagnose a lump on her breast. The radiology department would not or could not deliver the resulting report to my wife's ob-gyn for almost three weeks. Excuses ranged from "Our fax machine broke down" to "We can't find a typist to type the report."
  
  At one point I myself called the radiology department and was told to have my wife appear between the hours of 8:00 and 4:00 on a particular Friday for her to pick up the report herself and personally deliver it to her physician. She showed up in mid-morning as directed only to be told, "Oh, we can't give x-ray reports out to patients."
  
  In short, the fumbling incompetence of the radiology department caused several appointments with her ob-gyn to be postponed. This in turn delayed the eventual surgery, and all the while the threat of possible cancer loomed large.
  
• As they say on the shopping networks, "But wait: there's more!" On the scheduled day of surgery, after my wife was already heavily sedated and ready to be rolled into the operating room, the surgeon casually dropped in to discuss surgical options. WTF??? That should have been addressed in the three office visits my wife undertook in the weeks prior to surgery. You can bet that when I myself needed surgery seven years later, I studiously avoided any surgical practice with that surgeon as a member.
  
• Even after the surgery was over, there was still no escaping the bungling ineptitude of Southside Regional Medical Center. They sent me an invoice dated 2 December 2003. I received the invoice in the mail on 8 December and mailed payment on 14 December. My bank received the canceled check on 31 December, so SRMC clearly must have received and deposited the check sometime before the last week of December for the check to have cleared the Federal Reserve banking system by the end of the December.
  
  Despite that, toward the end of January, we received a letter from a collection agency dated 20 January. If SRMC forwarded this account to the collection agency in December, then that is absolutely unreasonable because their invoice was not even prepared until early December, giving us almost no time to respond to the invoice. And if SRMC forwarded the case in January, then the obvious question is why? They already had payment in their possession in December and in fact had already deposited it.
  
  I continued to receive threatening telephone calls both at home and at work through the end of March. The collection agency refused to confirm with its own client that payment had been received, and staff at SRMC steadfastly refused to respond because their accounting was handled by a commercial contractor, not SRMC direct-hire personnel.
  
  In light of SRMC's non-response to numerous telephone calls, my wife even drove to their office in person in an attempt to resolve this problem. Astonishingly, SRMC's response was to blame the entire problem on me for entering the wrong account number in the memo field of my check.
  
  When I heard that, I was irate because SRMC's accusation was totally bogus for two reasons. First, I did not enter the account number on the check. I made no entries in the memo field because I refuse to do SRMC's clerical work for them, and even the most cursory scan of the check revealed that the handwriting in the memo field was clearly not the same as the handwriting on the rest of the check.
  
  Secondly, on behalf of whoever did transcribe the account number onto the memo field, that person transcribed it correctly: the number exactly matches the account number shown on SRMC's invoice. Consequently, any account number error lies with the invoice that SRMC's own people generated.
  

This last incident was the straw that broke this camel's back. In baseball, it's three strikes and you're out: Southside Regional Medical Center has had four strikes. Perhaps you can now begin to understand the reasons behind my unyielding policy that neither I nor any member of my family will ever again knowingly set foot in any facilty administered by Southside Regional Medical Center.

Postscript. There is an addendum to my first run-in with Southside Regional Medical Center involving my wife's severe stomach ailment. I strongly suspected that the cause of her illness was a jar of shrimp paste that my wife purchased from a small grocery store in Hopewell, Virginia. I had retained the jar in our refrigerator for later testing.

After we arrived home from the hospital, I called the governmental offices in the city of Colonial Heights where we lived. They directed me to Petersburg as the site of Southside Regional Medical Center where my wife was treated. Petersburg referred me to the city of Hopewell because that is where my wife purchased the suspect product. Hopewell claimed to have no authority to investigate because the contaminated product was not served at a sit-down restaurant.

In the course of speaking to all of the respective city governments, I learned that the only testing laboratory in the region was located in Chesterfield County. When I called that laboratory to ask if they could test our food item for pathogens, they told me I would have to tell them exactly what pathogen to test for. Well, if I knew what the offending organism was, I would not really need them to conduct a test, would I?

So, to all of you radical right-wing Republicans espousing the virtues of smaller government, I say "Hogwash!" The lesson I learned from this experience is that small, local governments can pass the buck and shirk their responsibilities every bit as well as any federal agencies can.

Final Postscript. Now that I have thoroughly castigated the medical community in our area, allow me to step out of my curmudgeonly character to highlight a hospital that does things right. In early August 2010, I underwent hernia surgery at John Randolph Medical Center in Hopewell. While I am still wrestling with the discomfort of the surgery itself, dealing with the administrative folks at John Randolph was a breath of fresh air, especially compared to the dolts at Southside Regional Medical Center.

Statements from the anesthesiologist, the surgeon, and the hospital facility all went to my insurer within a week or two after the surgery. I then received statements of benefits from my insurer followed soon thereafter by final correct invoices from each of the three medical offices, enabling me to settle all three obligations within a month. And best of all, I received no obnoxious inquiries from collection agencies seeking payment for bills already resolved!

It is a sad commentary on the state of American medical companies today that something so routine merits special praise only because it stands out in stark contrast to the fumbling inadequacies of other organizations. In any case, kudos to John Randolph for their swift and efficient administrative process.

Microsoft Stumbles Again

It never ceases to amaze me how a company like Microsoft—creator and distributor of Windows, the dominant operating system for personal computers in the world today—continues to produce the poorest, most feeble applications for that same operating system.

• Any number of free and readily available text editors (e.g., Jarte, Notepad++, and my personal favorite Win32Pad) run rings around Microsoft's minimalistic Notepad and Wordpad.
  
• Microsoft's imagers (Paint and Windows Picture and Fax Viewer) are similarly bare bones products. They pale in comparison with freeware image editors like FastStone Image Viewer or the fabulous IrfanView.
  
• The Windows archive (i.e., zip file) handling system is not only featureless but downright annoying. If you do not wish to pay for WinZip, you are still much better off with any one of the freebie archive programs 7-Zip, IZArc, or PeaZip.
  
• Even Microsoft's Internet Explorer (IE) web browser lagged years behind Netscape, Opera, and other web browsers in introducing tabbed browsing. I even used the little-known Avant Browser whenever I needed to use IE because it used the same IE engine yet featured tabs long before IE itself did.
  

The latest Microsoft shortcoming is the Windows DVD Maker. Amazingly, that program ships only on computers with Vista/Windows 7 premium editions or greater. Perhaps that policy is intended to hide Microsoft's embarrassment by withholding it from the majority of users with more basic versions of Windows. It is just difficult for me to imagine how anyone would consider this an enhancement of any kind. Let me explain why.

My wife has a Flip Video Camcorder with 47 videos in mp4 format. She wanted to put those files onto a DVD that can be played on a standard DVD player for viewing on a large-screen television. My new laptop has Windows 7 complete with Windows DVD Maker, so I thought I was all set. However, much to my chagrin, I soon discovered that Windows DVD Maker does not accept mp4 format.

To overcome this shortcoming, I chose one of the larger mp4 files as a test case. I used the free software Pazera Free MP4 to AVI Converter to convert the file to avi format which Windows DVD Maker supposedly does recognize. Sure enough, Windows DVD Maker did convert the video—but it left out the audio portion entirely! A search on Google quickly revealed that this is a common problem: one particular user who tried to process multiple avi files through Windows DVD Maker reported that approximately 40% of his resulting video files had no audio.

Another Google search revealed a life-saver: a free, open source program called DVD Flick. This marvelous program accepts a much wider range of file formats, including both avi and mp4. I then ran both files through DVD Flick for comparison purposes. Lo and behold: both resulting DVDs contained the full audio.

Visually, the avi file seemed more pixelated. I do not know if the avi file lost significant data in the conversion process from mp4 or if avi files are just inherently more pixelated than corresponding mp4 files. That is a secondary concern; what matters most is that DVD Flick radically outperformed Microsoft's lame Windows DVD Maker by recognizing a greater variety of file formats and providing infinitely more reliable audio.

Bottom line: if you are stuck with Windows DVD Maker, do yourself a big favor. Download and install the far more robust and versatile DVD Flick.

You'll be glad you did.

Who Elected You President???

"This is what being president of the United States is all about. It's these tough, huge, monumental decisions… It's in a time of crisis making these executive decisions. It's just like our job… It's the same thing as being president of the United States."
— "Fox and Friends" co-host Gretchen Carlson

Boy, talk about an inflated sense of self-worth!

Oxymoron: Microsoft Works

Is anyone else irritated by Microsoft's unbridled arrogance? After the latest "in-between" operating system upgrade on Tuesday, 22 June 2010, Microsoft had the unmitigated gall to change my default home page in Internet Explorer from Google search to Microsoft's own Bing search engine. They have no business changing user preferences!

This is not the only instance of Microsoft's audacity:

• After almost every second-Tuesday-of-the-month operating system upgrade that includes an update to Outlook, the process changes my default email from Mozilla's Thunderbird to Microsoft's Outlook.
  
• Long ago and far away, I once made the mistake of setting my default bitmap file association to one of Microsoft's image software packages. I don't remember if it was Paint or the old Photo Editor, but whatever it was, it automatically established itself as the default file association not just for bitmap files but for all other image types as well: .gif, .jpg, .png, and others. I guess Microsoft thinks that if you want their product for one item, you will certainly want it for everything else as well.
  

Such deplorable conduct would not be justified even if Microsoft's products were superior to the alternatives—but they are not! Google is still superior to Bing; Thunderbird's email package with its multitude of useful add-ons runs rings around Outlook; free image software like IrfanView and FastStone Image Viewer are far superior to any image viewers Microsoft has ever produced; free archive packages like 7-Zip, IZArc, and PeaZip have many more features than Microsoft's lame zipfldr.dll file; and on and on...

Unfortunately, Apple and Steve Jobs are just as prententious as Microsoft in their own distinctly offensive way. A pox on both their houses.

Long live Linux/Ubuntu!

Journalistic Excess

In an article in the 9 June 2010 edition the Chester [Virginia] Village News, sports columnist John Hall wrote the following:

The NBA is famous for its lottery busts, as well. Sam Bowie was quickly out of basketball, but not before the Portland Trailblazers chose him over the great Michael Jordan in 1984.

I was mildly surprised by that example because I vaguely recalled Sam Bowie as a fairly adequate big man for several years, so I looked up his career statistics on Basketball-Reference.com.

It turns out that Sam Bowie averaged a solid 7.5 rebounds and 10.9 points per game over a ten-year NBA career. Those statistics certainly do not rise to the level of a superstar like Michael Jordan, but they far exceed any reasonable person's definition of a "lottery bust." I would also contend that surviving the rigors of the NBA for ten years hardly qualifies as being "quickly out of basketball."

This is rhetorical excess at best, and shoddy journalism at worst. Mr. Hall's apparent ignorance led him to mistakenly disparage a solid if not spectacular player. Mr. Hall's basic premise—that number 1 draft selections do not always meet expectations—might be correct, but that does not in any way justify denigrating a decent player in such harsh terms.

Mr. Hall has never before come across as a mean-spirited person. In this case, however, he has clearly dropped the ball. Or perhaps he merely stepped out of bounds. Feel free to choose your own sports metaphor.

Hard Link Headslapper

Once again, I don't know where I have been lately (I'll resist the urge to say I was out in left field because in my younger days I was actually a good-field-no-hit center fielder), but I just recently discovered the virtues of hard links.

I have long wanted a way to allow my screen saver programs to access selected image files without actually copying those files to a separate folder, a process which would quickly gobble up disk space. For example, in baseball season I might want to include some baseball art, some player action photos, and some stadium scenes in my screen saver. I have folders containing photos of each category, but the photos are of mixed quality. I want to include only the better images. I currently face three unpleasant choices: display all of the images in a folder, including the inferior ones; display none of the images in a folder, thus excluding some outstanding ones; or selectively copy all of the desired files into a separate folder—and waste an inordinate amount disk space with duplicate versions of the same large image files.

I tried creating shortcuts to each specific image and consolidating those shortcuts into a single folder, but to no avail: none of the many screen saver programs I tried seem to recognize shortcuts. No matter: it turns out that hard links are the perfect solution. To make a long story short, use hard file links where you need multiple copies of a file but wish to save disk space by keeping only one physical copy on disk.

In Windows XP, create hard links using the following command line entry:

fsutil hardlink create   [NewFilename]   [ExistingFilename]

(Click the following link to view Microsoft's own documentation for creating hard links as well as some other uses for the fsutil command line utility.)

In Windows Vista and Windows 7, the equivalent command is:

mklink /H   [NewFilename]   [ExistingFilename]

I admit to being skeptical when I initially created my hard links. In Windows Explorer, the file sizes displayed in bytes for my new links duplicated those of the original files, and the total disk space reported for the folder containing my hard links showed a large number consistent with the sum of those individual figures. It first appeared that I was still consuming duplicate disk space just as if I had copied the files.

Only then I noticed the "disk free space" value. It had remained unchanged when I created my hard links. As a test, I deleted my newly-created links and instead copied the corresponding files to that same folder. The disk free space declined markedly. Next, I deleted the duplicate files, after which the disk free space increased again back to its original value. Finally, I re-established my hard links. Lo and behold: the disk free space remained the same. That experiment showed clearly that the hard links were in fact not consuming any extra disk space despite initial indications to the contrary.

Beyond that discovery, I found much to my delight that my screen saver program could now successfully read the hard file links where it previously had failed to read shortcuts. Similarly, my image viewer could fully read and edit the hard links in the same manner as if those hard links were the original images. Bingo! Exactly what I wanted.

This is one of those forehead-slapping moments where I find myself thinking, "If I had only known about this years ago!"

Begone, Human Element

The world of baseball is still buzzing over the bad call at first base by umpire Jim Joyce that cost pitcher Armando Galarraga of the Detroit Tigers a perfect game on 2 June 2010. We should all commend Mr. Joyce for his forthright honesty in quickly admitting his monumental mistake. Even more noteworthy is the exemplary class and dignity with which Mr. Galarraga responded.

What trips my chain, however, is the reason cited by numerous players and managers to explain why major league baseball (MLB) should not expand instant replay beyond present guidelines (i.e., determining if a fly ball is a home run or not). Almost to a man, they invariably state that the "human element" is an inextricable part of baseball.

Oh, please. Results on the field should be determined by player performance, not officiating blunders. On the day in question, the pitcher was perfect, but the umpire was not. There is no justice in penalizing players for the mistakes of umpires.

If there were a cost-free system that could guarantee correct calls 100% of the time, you can bet that MLB would adopt such a system in a heartbeat, and rightfully so. The human element involving players is indeed unavoidable and sometimes even grimly fascinating. However, the fate of players should not be determined by unrelated external forces like umpiring foibles. The human element with regard to umpiring should be minimized or eliminated altogether whenever possible. Expanded instant replay is a reasonable means to that end.

The only legitimate issue is what price people are willing to pay to make the correct calls, particularly if they might affect the outcome of a playoff or a World Series game. Mr. Joyce has been circumspect in his public statements about leaving it up to the commissioner's office to decide on any rule changes governing instant replay. However, given his obvious distress at having made the wrong call, I strongly suspect that Mr. Joyce would have welcomed the opportunity to pause an additional 60 or 90 seconds to review TV replays and insure the correct call.

You know that Mr. Galarraga would have welcomed that.

Mysterious Disappearing Icon

Have you ever been annoyed by the green "Safely Remove Hardware" icon that often disappears from the system tray when you go to disconnect an external USB device? There is a nice way to avoid that frustration by creating your own permanent shortcut that accomplishes the same purpose.

I found the basic idea for this tip offered by a blogger named Raymond. I have embellished his basic concept and fleshed it out a little bit.

If your green "Safely Remove Hardware" continues to disappear from your system tray even if you have it marked as "Always show" in your customized taskbar properties, then try the following steps:

1. Create a dummy shortcut (for example, copying an existing shortcut to your desktop).
2. Right click on the shortcut and select the "Properties" menu option at the very bottom
3. Select the "General" tab
4. In the field at the top, type in some meaningful title like "Safely Remove Hardware"




5. Next, select the "Shortcut" tab
6. In the shortcut's "Target:" field, type the following *CaSe SeNsItIvE* entry:
   
   rundll32 shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL hotplug.dll



7. In the "Start in:" field, enter "C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\" (without the quotations)
8. Optional: In the "Comment:" field, add a descriptive comment something like:
   
   Use when Safely Remove Hardware icon does not appear in system tray




9. Optional: Set the green icon by clicking the "Change Icon..." button and
   into the field at the top, copy and paste the following:
   
   %SystemRoot%\SYSTEM32\hotplug.dll




10. Click the "OK" button at the bottom to save your work.
11. Move or copy the new shortcut to your desktop, start menu, quick launch menu, or any other preferred location

One final tip: when you double-click on the shortcut to open it, be sure to check the "Display device components" box in the lower left corner. That will provide amplifying information to make an informed choice about which device to close. Otherwise, you might be stuck with multiple entries all reading "USB Mass Storage Device", making it impossible to distinguish which entry represents a large external USB hard drive and which entry indicates a small USB thumb drive.

Presto! Simply by activating this shortcut, you can now easily invoke the "Safely Remove Hardware" process even without the icon in your system tray.

For Geeks Only: Favicons

Where have I been? Out in the ozone, I guess. I recently discovered four facts about creating a web page that only geeky webmasters could appreciate:

1. Favicons need not be named "favicon" (or more accurately, "favicon.ico")
2. Favicons need not be placed in the same folder as the html page that invokes it
3. Sub-pages need not have the same favicon as the parent page; similarly, …
4. Individual frame pages can have their own separate and distinct favicon

On the other hand, the path name must apparently be specified in full, not just relational (e.g., "http://mysite.verizon.net/gumby32/myfavs/images/portable-apps.ico" and not "/images/portable-apps.ico").

Regardless of coding technique, the real problem remains: finding images that retain any clarity of meaning when reduced to the required miniscule size of 16 x 16 pixels. Good luck with that.